Pdf tsunami 2004

The rationale for writing this paper is to report the tsunami events in the eleven nations bordering the Indian Ocean, as they received less publicity than their Southeast Asian countries counterpart although the tsunami had real humanitarian, economic, and environmental impact in these regions more than 1, miles away from the epicenter [ 2 ]. Furthermore, these regions are at risk from the devastating effects of future tsunami due to the presence of a tectonic interactive plate [ 3 ], absence of a tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean, and lack of established communication network providing timely information to that region.

These eleven countries bordering the Indian Ocean are Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion Island, and Seychelles, Comoros islands and by geographical extension include countries in southern borders of Africa such as Somalia, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa.

These individual countries suffered humanitarian loss with more than 3, people killed and left more than 10, homeless about 1, miles away from epicenter. In terms of economic toll, several million dollars were reported accompanied by environmental threat due to flooding.

Specifically included is a country by country report [ 4 ] with other south-Asian countries. Although there was no death published, a significant economic loss in millions of dollars was reported. There was one death and more than 1, people homeless.

No deaths were reported. Also, the island reported devastating economic loss in millions of dollars due to hotels, housing, public utilities, and fishing damages. To prevent the devastating effects of future tsunami, these islands of Indian Ocean have set their priorities in achieving 3 goals [ 5 ]: i development of disaster tsunami program which include implementation of tsunami program at national level, regional, and international levels and coordination of all these programs, ii development of an Indian Ocean early warning system, iii development of tsunami research program.

The most studied plans are the Madagascar plan, the tsunami early warning and response system in Mauritius, and the creation of the Department of Risk and Disaster Management in Seychelles. It includes 5 objectives: a development of national evacuation plan on tsunami, b establishment of early warning system in conjunction with regional system, c increase public and community awareness through publication and training of media and local authorities, d conduct mock exercises on tsunami, e strengthen the operational capacity of national meteorological service to include national warning system.

Disaster management is a regional priority in the Indian Ocean due to permanent threat of cyclones, floods, and tsunamis. The stated two goals set by a series of regional meetings in and are [ 6 ] the following: i implementation of Indian Ocean tsunami warning and mitigation system IOTWS , which focused on defining disaster management and reduction prevention, mitigation, response and relief of disaster by all the participating countries, ii development of integrated regional information network IRIN with the goals of creation of an early warning system for the islands in the Indian Ocean and ensuring adequate equipment to manage natural disasters including tsunamis.

The important issues are the cost of establishing such warning system in the Indian Ocean, the transfer of existing technology versus improving, old one, global warming and extreme weather events in that region. Results and Discussion The published data on physical changes are given in Fig.

The hydrographical features along with general zooplankton observed during the two phases are given in Table 1. The SST showed a wider range after the tsunami varying between Before Marked fluctuation is noticed in the DO values after the tsunami 2. The nutrient values also were high after the tsunami especially the SiO4 4. In the offshore stations there was no marked difference in primary production in the pre and post tsunami observations. Zooplankton The mesozooplankton biomass distribution for both the periods is shown in Fig.

The average biomass during the pre tsunami period was The average value for the major zooplankton taxa are presented in Table 2. In the post tsunami study the stations along this transect sustained comparatively high biomass and density This trend is also observed for the major zooplankton taxa. This region is a productive area in the Bay of Bengal where high productivity was noticed during all the previous observations. The hydrographical data also show the presence of high levels of nutrient suggesting local upwelling Shetye et al, The chlorophyll-a and primary productivity data also showed localized boost in phytoplankton production due to the enrichment of the water column.

The average density of the dominant plankton was also high before the tsunami - Copepod , Ostracod , Chaetognath , fish eggs and fish larvae per m3 as against the post tsunami data - Copepod , Ostracod , Chaetognath , fish eggs and fish larvae per m3 Fig.

The density of polychaetes is indicated in fig. The analysis of the two sets of data showed clear evidence that zooplankton was high in the pre tsunami period. Whether the drop in zooplankton is due to the increase in suspended load as a result of turbulence caused by the tsunami or whether it is only a transitional stage immediately after the tsunami which would get normalized in due course is to be verified by further zooplankton investigations in the same area.

In the absence of any previous report on the biological alterations caused by tsunami, an unprecedented event has happened in recent times in the Bay of Bengal. This study throws light on the adverse effect of heavy mixing due to physical factors. The increased silicate in the mixed layer can be attributed to the churning of the bottom and vertical elevation of water body to surface.

Any calamity in the marine environment is visually reflected in the fishery causing public alarm. Marine Biologists are faced with environmental crisis of new complexity, properties and consequences which are to be closely monitored.

The authors express their gratitude to the Department of Ocean Development for the financial support and onboard facilities. References 1. Chadha, R. Sekitar 70 persen kawasan kota termasuk bangunan bersejarah terbuat dari lempung juga hancur total. Kebanyakan korban tewas akibat tertimbun bangunan yang runtuh. Pemicunya adalah gempa dahsyat berkekuatan 9.

Bencana gempa dan tsunami juga diikuti bencana atom, akibat meledaknya pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir Daiichi di Fukushima. Lebih dari Ini gempa dahsyat pertama di abad ke dengan korban tewas cukup banyak. Dikhawatirkan hingga Gempa juga memicu longsor salju avalanche yang menewaskan warga dan puluhan pendaki gunung di Himalaya. Sejauh ini dikonfirmasi lebih 7. Sekitar 5. Episentrum gempa dangkal ini berada di Samudra Hindia, sekitar 22 kilometer di tenggara Yogyakarta.

Lebih 1. Perangkat teknisnya merupakan sumbangan Jerman kepada Indonesia, senilai 40 juta Euro. Selama bertugas, mereka merawat sekitar 3. Masyarakat Jerman mengumpulkan sumbangan bencana Tsunami senilai juta Euro. Lebih jauh dikatakan 10 ruko roboh, juga empat rumah serta tiang listrik. Jumlah korban masih simpang siur.

Berbagai kantor berita melaporkan angka yang berbeda. Kepada kantor berita dpa Mayor Jenderal Tatang Sulaiman mengatakan korban tewas telah mencapai 92 orang. Diduga sejumlah orang masih terperangkap di dalam reruntuhan bangunan. Sumber gempa berasal dari Sesar Samalanga-Sipopok Fault. Diperkirakan bangunan tidak tahan gempa juga akan mengalami kerusakan.

Menurut keterangan, di kabupaten Bireuen terdapat masjid yang rusak akibat gempa. Tim Reaksi Cepat BPBD sekarang sudah berada di lokasi untuk melakukan pendataan dan memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat. Tim penolong dan polisi tampak mengeluarkan korban yang tertimpa reruntuhan bangunan di Lueng Putu, Pidie Jaya.

Lokasi gempa tepatnya sekitar km di tenggara Kota Banda Aceh. Hasil monitoring BMKG menunjukkan, hingga pukul 5. Ketika tsunami menerjang Aceh 10 tahun lalu, Jerman dan Eropa masih tidur lelap dalam suasana Natal. Aksi solidaritas di seluruh Jerman kemudian berhasil menggalang dana bantuan lebih dari juta Euro.

Ahli geologi menyebut tsunami sebagai "gempa monster". Particularly disturbing, in the aftermath of aid flows, is the way in which the disaster is being deployed to cast the coastal communities into long-term debt traps.

The Kerala government has struck a deal with insurance companies to provide loans to coastal residents: Rs. The money will indirectly flow back into the those who have it, because another Rs. Again, each affected person will also be eligible for a loan of Rs. These loans will carry an interest of 7 per cent. In Kovalam, Tamil Nadu, families in Kovalam were offered just 60 cents [about 0.

The distribution of scientific and economic resources create the material conditions for progress and for devastation. The internationalization of technology functions for the entrepreneur but not for the fishworker, who has equal, or more, need of it.

Our notions of science and nature remain idealist: we assume that scientific and natural laws function independent of the social conditions of their existence. Authors: Dr. Related Papers. The political economy of a natural disaster: The Boxing Day tsunami, By Helen Masterman-Smith. Contemplating the Tsunami. By Bill Templer. By Ameer Abdulla. Pre-and post-tsunami coastal planning and land-use policies and issues in India. By Aarthi Sridhar. By Sharae Deckard. Download pdf. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google.

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